Chapter 1386 Go to ITER to buy a table


    Understanding is understanding, but after calculating the work at hand, Chang Haonan still showed a hesitant expression.


    Now even nuclear batteries with the fission principle are still in the early stages of transition from theory to engineering, and irradiated tritium production is a perfect side task.


    Even if it is theoretical research, even if he cheats, he really can''t give a specific schedule of monthly—


    Similar to the situation of controlled nuclear fusion.


    Don''t ask, it will be five years later.


    I''ll ask again next year, it''s five years later.


    But it may come true the year after.


    Therefore, before giving an answer, Chang Haonan still asked cautiously:


    "Can''t you test it in the country?"


    He still doesn''t know much about the specific situation in the field of fusion. He only knows that Peng Juexian in front of him was one of the key figures in promoting the HT-7U full-superconducting non-circular cross-section tokamak device, which is also one of the key figures in the establishment of the "Oriental Superring" project. .


    And now, Luzhou should have successfully obtained plasma.


    As for controlled nuclear fusion, of course, this is not even the first step of the Long March.


    Even due to the duration and positioning problems, Chang Haonan''s requirements for plasma power generation could not be met, otherwise he would not have to work hard to transform the small stack of Factory 504.


    But no matter what, it is always a steady-state and completely autonomous and controllable research platform.


    It should be able to play a certain role in the field of tritium proliferation.


    Peng Juexian shook his head:


    "There is no sign of controllable fusion at present. As for the continuous working hours in publicity, they are only simulated with fusion reactor position-shaped plasma, so the radiation tritium production test is specialized in fission. Do research on the device.”


    "Because of the limitations of the conditions in the early years, the domestic study of the release behavior of tritium in proliferator materials is carried out on-the-release experiments, that is, seal the proliferator **** in a special container and take them out after irradiation of the reactor thermal neutrons. , and finally release tritium through annealing in the laboratory."


    Chang Haonan raised his eyebrows:


    "Wouldn''t that be very difficult to put into practicality?"


    The half-life of tritium is only about 12 years. If it is used as a tritium lamp or a self-luminescent fluorescent agent, it is understandable that the lifespan is shorter.


    But if it is to be used as energy, this model of tritium production outside the reservoir is obviously very unfavorable for storage and transportation.


    A better approach seems to be to produce on-site, that is, to produce it directly in a reactor or nuclear warhead and then consume it on-site.


    Peng Juexian''s answer also verified his idea:


    "That''s right, so the ITER verification device in the Netherlands allows lithium ceramic materials to produce tritium while operating the reactor, and obtain the macroscopic tritium release characteristics of the proliferator during continuous irradiation by changing the temperature and carrier gas conditions. …This advantage comes from their research that began in the 1970s, so even in the United States, it still needs to rely on the ITER platform to carry out related research."


    "At present, in the field of tritium production in the reactor, the only theoretically that can compete with Europeans are several Japanese universities, but for well-known reasons, they have almost no room for operation in the field of nuclear-related engineering, so they also hope that Can go to ITER channels…”


    After all, it is the origin of modern science and industry, and its family background is rich enough.


    Although it has been through a relatively half century of declining, until the first decade of the 21st century, Europeans still have some special skills that make people jealous.


    Or rather, it is confusing how Europe can become such a level of waste in just over a decade on the original timeline.


    “Who are our competitors right now?”


    Chang Haonan asked while opening a calculation project file on his computer.


    "At this stage, there are only the EU itself, the United States and Russia, but it is possible to join Japan in the next cycle."


    Peng Jue first replied:


    "Because of the nature of ITER and the fact that all engineering tests are carried out in Europe, we are not very good at stopping this..."


    As he spoke, the voice became smaller and smaller.


    Because he saw the molecular simulation diagram that had just been rendered on the computer screen next to him.


    Although there is no legend to illustrate what small **** of different colors represent.


    But as an expert in the field of nuclear energy, he still recognized the characteristic structure of lithium alumina at a glance.


    "Wait a moment…"


    Peng Juexian''s face suddenly became complicated: "Didn''t you just say... Haven''t you studied the behavior of tritium release?"


    Chang Haonan stopped moving the mouse:


    "I just said that there will be no special enrichment of tritium produced by absorbing neutrons in nuclear batteries, but I have never said that I will not study this process... After all, we must also consider whether the tritium that is constantly produced during the entire service cycle is not the same as that of the entire service cycle. It will have adverse effects on neutron shielding performance and magnetofluid circulation, especially in the middle and late stages of life.”


    “…”


    Peng Juexian''s mouth twitched slightly twice, but the other party''s statement was reasonable and there was no point to refute.


    In the end, Chang Haonan completed the closed loop of ideas for him:


    "Of course, at present, it is only a study on the single behavior of tritium diffusion, so strictly speaking, it is not a "tritium release behavior", including the behavioral characteristics of tritium production in the reactor, but it is only a matter of the "tritium release behavior". Theoretical and simulation stages.”


    But Peng Juexian no longer wants to dig into these literal details:


    "Our guaranteed plan for the first cycle test is just to prove whether the diffusion of tritium can be enhanced by increasing lithium vacancy... It''s just that if we simply perform this item, the content is too little and the meaning is relatively limited, so the other one is another The choice is to actively choose a relatively back position in the first cycle, so as not to waste the time allocated to us as much as possible…”


    "How to increase lithium vacancy..."


    Chang Haonan turned his gaze back to the screen in front of him.


    It is obvious that Peng Juexian and others have not been idle in the preparation process for ITER in recent years, and have proposed some mechanisms and assumptions, but because they started late and lacked objective conditions, the progress was not optimistic.


    But since the research between the two sides happens to be at the same stage, it is not impossible to be a part of the table.


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    Peng Jue first heard the other party say the keywords, and thought the latter was interested in this research direction:


    "The enhancement of ion conductivity or lithium ion diffusion performance mainly comes from lithium vacancies generated by irradiation, and gap lithium is more likely to migrate and accumulate to form defect clusters. The displacement of lithium ions during irradiation produces a large number of vacancies and gap lithium. , These defects can enhance the diffusion properties of lithium ions in materials to a certain extent…”


    Chang Haonan raised his hand gently, indicating that there was no need to say much:


    "But if the first principle calculation of lithium vacancies is performed through density functional theory, it will be found that the formation energy of both lithium vacancies and oxygen vacancies in lithium ceramics is positive, indicating that the formation of ion vacancies in the system is not in terms of energy. of…"


    Although his ideas were refuted, Peng Juexian not only did not feel unhappy, but became excited because of this.


    This shows that the two of them finally met the channel.


    "It is indeed unfavorable in energy, but it must also be considered that such energy can be said to be insignificant in the environment of neutron radiation..."


    He explained it a little first, and then changed his mind:


    "Of course, it is precisely because this idea is dynamically beneficial and thermodynamically disadvantageous that we need to use the resources of ITER for actual verification, otherwise we won''t have to worry about this."


    Chang Haonan instinctively felt that this route was not reliable, but there was no evidence at the moment, so he just kept it in mind for the time being, and he returned to the topic at the beginning:


    "Since you are also concerned about tritium spreading, we should try our best to get a higher order..."


    As he said that, he called out a latest running log on the computer:


    "In addition to the lithium-6 absorption of neutrons, the reaction of lithium-ion vacancies will also produce two other defect forms, namely, tritium and substituted tritium. According to estimates, the tritium defect will occupy the electron density in the system. At the lowest point, it will not be bonded to oxygen. It can be basically inferred that the gap-filled tritium will exist in the lithium ceramic in the form of gap atoms."


    "But substituted tritium is easily transferred in the crystal lattice of lithium oxides of different lithium/oxygen ratios, such as lithium titanate and lithium silicate, and of course, including lithium alumina, affecting the diffusion process of tritium... In addition, because radiation The energy is much greater than the oxygen ion formation energy of lithium oxides, so oxygen free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals are inevitable, which promote each other with the replacement tritium defect..."


    "In short, if we can understand the location and transfer methods of these defects, we may be able to make some predictions about the defect properties and evolution of the ternary lithium ceramic system..."


    “…”


    Peng Jue first estimated it in his mind, and after adding these contents, there would be no more time-wasting problems.


    On the contrary, some efficiency needs to be accelerated to ensure completion.


    It has solved the current dilemma.


    But as soon as I was about to nod, I figured out some other flavor:


    "So Academician Chang, you also think that solid-state proliferators are a better development direction?"


    As one of the proposers of helium-cold solid-state ball bed technology, Peng Juexian certainly hopes that the path of solid-state proliferator can continue.


    However, even he himself dared not make this promise, and he also described the superior''s report using the "transition stage" to leave enough room for circumcision for subsequent replacement of liquid proliferator.


    "It''s not yet clear whether it''s good or not."


    Chang Haonan pointed to the schematic diagram of the nuclear battery on the drawing next to it:


    "But as far as the plasma power generation principle I am currently studying, solid-state proliferators have great advantages in stability. In the future, if the core is replaced from a fission reactor to a fusion reactor, many engineering troubles can be avoided..."


    Peng Juexian:


    ? ? ?


    There is no such thing as controlling fusion at present, so why have you started to consider changing the core?


    (End of this chapter)